Since the citrullination of proteins involved in apoptosis (e.g. vimentin, nucleophosmin, nuclear lamin C) facilitates the process of apoptosis [18-21], the higher dose of Cl-amidine may be inhibiting the citrullination necessary for the progression of apoptosis and aiding in the development of tumors, thus accounting for the increased tumor incidence. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and neoplasm.