Lamina propria macrophages of EPRAP-deficient mice exhibited marked increases in the mRNAs corresponding to TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, and MCP-1 relative to those of WT mice (S5F Fig), indicating that EPRAP contributes critically to inhibiting macrophage activation and colonic inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and colitis.