However, in some tumour models, such as bladder, prostate and colon carcinomas, opposing effects have been found for P-cadherin, with some studies pointing to an associated tumour suppressive effect [38–40] and others pointing to the induction of aggressive behaviour [39, 41, 42], with the differences observed being related to the cell model, the immunodetection method, and the different functions attributed to P-cadherin in the membrane or in the cytoplasm. This evidence concerns the gene CDH3 and colon carcinoma.