ATM and breast carcinoma: 2005). Consistent with this, our analysis showed a proband carrying an ATM germline mutation developed breast cancer at the age of 43 years (Fig.2B). Moreover, this proband had three relatives with second-degree relatives who developed breast cancer. Despite limited evidence, mutations in MRE11A are associated with breast cancer (Bartkova et al. 2008). Our data showed a proband carrying a MRE11A mutation had two relatives who developed breast cancer, reinforcing the evidence that MRE11A is a predisposing gene for breast cancer.