With regard to EGFR-mutant NSCLC, the introduction for therapeutic use of EGFR-TKIs, either reversible, first-generation (gefitinib, erlotinib) or irreversible, second-generation (afatinib) agents, has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients whose tumour harbours this specific genetic alteration (Table 1) [5]. Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.