Recently, six phase III randomised trials comparing either a reversible (gefitinib or erlotinib) or irreversible (afatinib) EGFR-TKI versus platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with untreated EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC showed superiority for the EGFR-TKI in terms of response rate (RR) and progression free survival (PFS) (Table 1) [6–18], as well as quality of life (QOL) [6, 13, 30]. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.