Cao et al showed that miR-23a is induced by the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in EGFR-WT A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with the EMT phenomenon, whereas miR-24 and miR-27a are induced by a Smad-independent mechanism in the same cell lines [70]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.