The mechanism(s) by which KLF4 switches to a tumor activator in certain types of epithelial cell carcinoma are not totally understood, but may be related to the multiple different types of post-translational modifications that can occur on the KLF4 protein (including phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation) and alter its functions [72–77]. Here, KLF4 is linked to neoplasm.