The mode of action of Ptma has been studied in cancer and immune cells, and it has been shown to play a role in proliferation through mechanisms involving chromatin remodeling and interaction with numerous pathways associated with pluripotency maintenance such as the JAK-STAT pathway, the PI3K-Akt pathway, and the NF-κB pathway (George and Brown, 2010; Guo et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2004). The gene discussed is PTMA; the disease is cancer.