This GWAS was conducted in Icelandic men not diagnosed with prostate cancer according to data from the nationwide Icelandic Cancer Registry (ICR) (n = 15,757; mean (sd) age: 63 years (12); median (IQR) PSA level: 2 (0.8,4.4) and results were replicated in a subsample of men from the ProtecT trial with PSA<3ng/mL who had not undergone prostate biopsies (n = 454; mean (sd) age: 63 (5); median (IQR) PSA: 1.5 (0.7,2.2)). Here, KLK3 is linked to cancer.