IHC/IHF, western immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay approaches were used to determine the effects of the drug combination on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and modulation of inflammatory and EGFR signaling in the pancreatic tissues of GEM (Fig. 5–8, Supplementary Fig. 1). Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.