To investigate the biological significance of upregulated URGCP in the progression of NSCLC, we first consistently introduced URGCP overexpression in two human NSCLC cell lines, adenocarcinoma cell A549 and squamous cell carcinoma SK-MES-1 (Fig. 3A), to measure the effects of URGCP overexpression on cell migration and invasion. Here, URGCP is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.