CCL5 and atherosclerosis: RANTES (CCL5) is a member of the chemokine family, which is considered to be involved in leukocyte migration.27 It acts as a proinflammatory mediator and is associated with various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, asthma, fibrosis, and transplant rejection.27 In TB, RANTES has a protective role in M. tuberculosis infection by forming granuloma, limiting pathogen growth, and preventing lung tissue damage.28