XIAP and melanoma: High levels of MAPK and/or PI3K signaling typical in melanoma increase levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL, survivin and XIAP [65,74,75,76,77,78,79] while suppressing expression of the potent apoptotic inducer Bim and sequestering pro-apoptotic Bmf to the cytoskeleton [75,78,80,81,82,83].