Hypoxia is responsible for activating ILK–AKT–Y box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), leading to the inhibition of FOXO3A and activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers (ZEB1, Twist) and expression of biomarkers associated with cancer stem cell signaling pathways (Chou et al., 2015). The gene discussed is YBX1; the disease is cancer.