TLR4 and rheumatoid arthritis: Three cases of Salmonella septicemia have been reported with anti-TNF therapy.42 Fu et al reported a case of disseminated Salmonella typhimurium infection in a psoriatic arthritis patient with infliximab treatment.43 A case of disseminated Salmonella paratyphi infection in a RA patient treated with infliximab was reported.44 Netea et al hypothesized that TNF neutralization with monoclonal antibodies may result in a decreased production of interferon (IFN)-γ, subsequently leading to a defective cellular immune response and decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4.