For example, we previously determined that approximately 8% of melanomas negative for known drivers harbor other activating mutations in BRAF exon 15 (D594E/G/H/N/V, L597R/S/Q/V and K601E/I/N) rather than the well-known V600 mutation, and we showed that a patient with BRAF L597S mutation responded signicantly to treatment with the MEK inhibitor (8). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.