Two additional studies by Tieu et al. [80] and Elliott et al. [81] utilized interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and did not find any difference in IFN-γ response in whole blood between patients with paradoxical TB-IRIS and the non-IRIS controls 12 weeks post-ART, although the latter study observed an increase in IFN-γ response to PPD 24 weeks post-ART. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.