Serum creatinine, intrarenal mRNA synthesis of the acute kidney injury marker neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/lipocalin-2 (Lcn2)30, 31 and histologic tubular injury scoring were significantly reduced following transfection with mIL-6-RFP-Fc (Fig. 6d–f). Here, LCN2 is linked to medical procedure.