In T1DM, beta cells are targeted by infiltrating immune cells which release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) known to trigger islet cell death [1, 4, 5]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.