TGFB1 and Ureteral obstruction: In vivo study also showed that fluorofenidone attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis in the rat model of obstructive nephropathy caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) through its reduction of the expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, CCN2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and inhibitor of TIMP-1 in the obstructed kidneys [67].