Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western immunoblotting analysis (WB) were performed in CCA samples to validate the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), Ephrin-B2 (EFNB2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3 (IRX3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) [34]. The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.