In the same study, which evaluated 291 men with prostate cancer (147 ERG-positive) and 1.221 cancer-free controls, subjects with shorter CAG repeats had an increased risk of ERG-positive (odds ratio (OR), 1.07 per 1 repeat decrease; 95% CI, 1.00–1.14), but not ERG-negative prostate cancer (OR, 0.99 per 1 repeat decrease; 95% CI, 0.93–1.05). This evidence concerns the gene ERG and cancer.