Transcription factor NF-κB, as a critical intracellular mediator of the inflammatory cascade, increases the expression of numerous genes including pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18 that are correlated with the inflammatory response during experimental kidney injury [28]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is kidney injury.