IL-1β is the end product of the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is implicated in the recognition of obesity-associated metabolic signals in macrophage and pancreatic cells.19, 20 ApoB-lipoproteins, very LDL31 and oxidized LDL32 activate the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the expression and secretion of IL-1β from monocytes and macrophages. Here, APOB is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.