IL-1β is the end product of the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing pyrin receptor 3), an innate immunity-related complex of intracellular proteins implicated in the recognition of obesity-associated metabolic signals in macrophage and pancreatic cells.19, 20 ApoB-lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein (LDL)31 and oxidized LDL32 were reported to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to IL-1β secretion from monocytes and macrophages. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.