As shown in Figure 1A, PTB individuals exhibited significantly enhanced frequencies of TB antigen and anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 (IFNγ+, T-bet+), Th2 (IL-4+, GATA-3+), Th9 (IL-9+, IL-4-), Th17 (IL-17+, IFNγ−), nTreg (CD25+, Foxp3+), and aTreg (CD25−, Foxp3−) cells co-expressing IL-10. This evidence concerns the gene IL9 and tuberculosis.