As shown in Fig. 3, sepsis up-regulated the neuroinflammatory responses as evidenced by the significantly increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the PFC (IL-1β) and hippocampus (IL-1β and IL-6) at 24 h when compared with the sham groups, while apocynin treatment attenuated IL-1β and IL-6 expressions at 24 h after sepsis development [one-way ANOVA; PFC (IL-1β): F (3, 20) = 26.575, p = 0.01; hippocampus (IL-1β): F (3, 20) = 25.889, p = 0.03; hippocampus (IL-6): F (3, 20) = 15.26, p = 0.012; Fig. 3c, d, f]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is Sepsis.