NR1H4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: FXR can protect against HCC by several mechanisms, including antagonizing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation to less hepatic inflammatory response [40], inhibiting a small subunit of proteasome gankyrin to subsequent protection of tumor suppressor proteins (Rb, p53, HNF4α) from degradation [41] or interacting with Wnt/β-catenin activation and E-cadherin expression [42, 43].