Other early-activated transcripts were associated with TLR activation and signaling (Stat1, Ccl4, Ccxcl9, Ccxcl0, and Cxcl11).[31, 32] In particular, chemokines to attract inflammatory cells to the lung after infection were rapidly upregulated, including monocyte/macrophage attracting chemokines Ccl2 and Ccl7, and the neutrophil attracting chemokines Cxcl-9, -10, -11, -12, and -15. Here, CCL4 is linked to infection.