EPO and anemia (phenotype): The pathogenesis of anemia in HIV infection is multifactorial which includes bleeding (gastrointestinal malignancy/severe infection), insufficient dietary intake (vitamins such as cobalamin and folate, iron, and general malnutrition), hemolytic anemia (i.e., malignancies, infections, splenomegaly, and immune dysfunction) and changes in erythropoietin synthesis and/or bone marrow suppression [2].