Furthermore, TSC associated tumours are highly autophagia dependent, and as rapamycin analogues are well-known to stimulate autophagia, their administration will provide a pro-survival stimulus that will limit their own efficacy, contributing to the partial clinical response seen for human angiomyolipomas and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas to mTORC1 inhibition17. This evidence concerns the gene TSC1 and neoplasm.