We then re-grouped those samples according to their PAK4 levels as high PAK4 group (n = 43) and low PAK4 group (n = 50) (the patient with the relative PAK4 mRNA level higher than “1” in the tumor sample than in the peritumor sample was classified into the high PAK4 group), and the unpaired t test indicated a significant difference between the two group (p < 0.0001, Fig. 1b). The gene discussed is PAK4; the disease is neoplasm.