Delivery of Ad.NRP1 WT and Ad.NRP1 ΔC was performed in pluronic gel applied to the adventitial surface of carotid arteries at the time of injury as described previously.30 The efficiency of arterial gene transduction using this approach was demonstrated by examining expression of adenovirus-encoded Green Fluorescent Protein (Ad.GFP) and LacZ (Ad.LacZ) by PCR and immunostaining 7 days after injury and infection with vectors (see Supplementary material online, Figure S5). This evidence concerns the gene NRP1 and infection.