VEGFA and neoplasm: This was also evident with the tumour-secreted proteins at their chosen concentrations (CC: 146 ± 42.3 %, CL: 153 ± 33.4 %, IGFBP-7: 143 ± 28.5 %, VEGF-A: 146 ± 41.0 % and TNF-α: 122 ± 11.2 %) (Fig. 2b).