MPZ and peripheral neuropathy: But in a new study in PLOS Biology, Valérie Brügger, Claire Jacob, and colleagues show that P0 plays a critical role in organizing the paranodes and nodes, that it depends on histone deacetylases to do so, and that some mutations in P0 that are responsible for a form of human peripheral neuropathy maintain the protein’s homophilic adhesion but disrupt its paranodal and nodal interactions [1].