PIK3CA and plasma cell myeloma: Bim expression is induced de novo following withdrawal of survival factors (cytokines, growth factors, trophic factors) or serum from primary sympathetic neurons [125, 355], lymphocytes [2, 122, 356], hematopoietic progenitor cells [26], granulocytes [357], mast cells [358, 359], osteoclasts [360], fibroblasts [361] and multiple myeloma [247], while its expression is repressed by the PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK signaling pathways [117, 122, 359, 361] (Figure 9).