Likewise, a RBP-induced structural switch modulating miRNA-mediated gene expression by PUM proteins has also been described on mRNAs coding for oncogene E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), which is strongly repressed by the cooperative action of miR-506 and PUM1 in bladder carcinoma cells [42]. Here, E2F3 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.