Upon valinomycin exposure, fibroblasts from both LRRK2 mutation carrying and sporadic PD lines displayed a significant decrease in form factor bins over 0.3 (G2019S = p < 0.05, R1441C = p < 0.05, normally sensitive SPD = p < 0.05 and highly sensitive sporadic PD lines = p < 0.01), (Fig. 2a, b), indicating a total collapse of mitochondria around the cell nucleus. Here, LRRK2 is linked to Parkinson disease.