We speculate that MTB may feasibly modulate the activity of non-canonical inflammasomes, as significantly higher levels of caspase-1 and caspase-5, and their prototypic cytokines IL-1β and IL-1α, were detected in PBMCs from TB-IRIS patients stimulated with heat-inactivated MTB, compared with the non-IRIS counterparts. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is tuberculosis.