FOS and cancer: This is consistent with the occurrence of composite AP-1-NRRE (nuclear receptor response elements), ETS-NRRE and ETS-AP-1 DNA elements in the regulatory regions of numerous human cancer-related genes, such as genes for cytokines, MMPs (e.g. stromelysin, collagenase) and MMP inhibitors (e.g. TIMP) (Miner et al., 1991; Kerppola et al., 1993; Li et al., 2000; Chinenov and Kerppola, 2001; Biddie et al., 2011).