TNF and Diamond-Blackfan anemia: The upregulation of genes involved in interferon and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) signaling has been reported in red blood cell progenitors and in fibroblasts obtained from DBA patients (Avondo et al., 2009; Gazda et al., 2006a), as well as in Rpl11-deficient zebrafish (Danilova et al., 2011).