MiR-590, a miRNA located on the proximal end of the long arm of human genome chromosome 7, may play a key role in cardiovascular disease via its protection of blood vessels, regulation of lipid metabolism, prevention of myocardial infarction and cardiac regeneration through its target genes[12, 13, 28, 29].In the present study, we observed an inhibitory effect of miR-590 on atherosclerotic lesions in apoE−/− mice with gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies which were achieved by overexpressing gene products and inhibiting gene expression, respectively[30]. Here, APOE is linked to myocardial infarction.