Apigenin has been reported to counteract the effects of TGF-β in other contexts as well, such as TGF-β-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast transition in human lungs [41] and TGF-β-induced VEGF expression in human prostate carcinoma cells by inhibiting Src/FAK/Akt and thereby Smad2/3 phosphorylation [42]. Here, SMAD2 is linked to prostate carcinoma.