TNF and Alzheimer disease: Recently in AD mouse APPswePS1dE9 model, we revealed two positive correlations, one between IL-1β and Beclin-1 levels and another between TNF-α and Beclin-1 levels in cortex and hippocampus, demonstrating the influence of these cytokines in the autophagic process which is failed with a great accumulation of AVs such as in AD patients [29].