The optimal cut-off values for PSA and GCNT1 expression levels were determined to be 7.52 ng/mL and 79.36 pg/mg by the receiver-operator characteristic curve for prediction of extracapsular extension of PCa using the following formula: cut-off = (1 − sensitivity)2 + (1 − specificity)2 [29, 30] (Fig 3A–3C). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.