HMGB1 and colorectal carcinoma: Based on our observations, where a higher percentage of CRC cases exhibited an association between genetic alterations and expression profiles in RPN2 and HMGB1, as well as NFkB1, a common transcriptional regulator of both genes, we performed immunohistochemistry to validate RPN2, HMGB1 and NFkB1 protein expression in a cohort of additional 78 CRC specimens (Fig. 5).