Several other pre-clinical studies have also demonstrated that effective transfer of genes encoding ApoA-1 or ApoA-1 mutants using viral vectors produce significant reduction and or promote regression of atherosclerosis (Pászty et al., 1994; Tangirala et al., 1999; Ishiguro et al., 2001; Major et al., 2001; Su et al., 2003), however clinical translation of such studies has not been reported to date. Here, APOA1 is linked to atherosclerosis.