IFIH1 and infection: In the current study, we demonstrated that type I IFNs were quickly expressed in an innate immune phase after infection with C. neoformans. Type I IFNs are produced by almost all cells via various pattern recognition receptors, including the retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, and 9 [41].