The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of such factors, including hypercholesterolemia, impaired glucose tolerance, high blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) activation, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery, and endothelial dysfunction in children and adolescents with WS; this is an important step in the prevention of future CV events in WS patients. This evidence concerns the gene REN and endothelial dysfunction.