Studies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis C, CHB and drug induced liver injury have earlier reported the ability of circulating hepatocyte biomarkers such as M30-antigen, M65-antigen and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in reflecting disease severity, discriminating etiologies and providing prognosis information10, 11, 12, 13, 14. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.