Levels of YKL-40 were significantly higher in T1D than in controls [42.6 (10.4–195.0) vs ±28.7 (11.0–51.2) ng/ml p = 0.001] (Fig. 1) and levels of adiponectin were also significantly higher in T1D patients (15.8 ± 9.1 vs 12.4 ± 5.3 mg/ml, p = 0.008), with no differences between patients and controls in the other inflammatory parameters. This evidence concerns the gene CHI3L1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.