NF-κB activation via IKK2 is implicated in a feed-forward inflammatory cascade involving the induction of key chemokines such as IL-8/CXCL-8 and cytokines including IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α involved in the pathogenesis of iPAH [36, 37] [38]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.